From August 31 to September 1, 2025, the highly anticipated Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit was held in Tianjin with great fanfare. Since its establishment in 2001, the SCO has consistently upheld the “Shanghai Spirit” of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and the pursuit of common development, forging ahead steadily. Its member states have gradually expanded from the original six to the current ten, with two observer states and 14 dialogue partners, covering 26 countries across three continents. The organization covers a total area of over 36 million square kilometers, accounting for more than 65% of the Eurasian continent. Its member states have a total population of over 3.3 billion, representing approximately 42% of the world’s total population, making it the world’s largest and most populous regional international organization.
This summit was held against the backdrop of a complex and volatile global situation. Against this backdrop, the international community has high hopes for the SCO, hoping it will play a greater role and contribute to world peace and development. At the global governance level, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has long been committed to building a multipolar and democratic international order. Taking the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations as an important opportunity, the SCO has firmly upheld the authority and central role of the United Nations. It advocates for an equal and orderly multipolar world, promotes inclusive economic globalization, actively promotes shared values for all mankind, fully safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of its member states, and strives to build a more just and equitable global governance system.
Security cooperation has always been a priority for the SCO. The organization continues to deepen its collaboration in counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, and cybersecurity, significantly enhancing the ability of member states to jointly combat the “three evils” of terrorism, separatism, and extremism. Currently, the regional security situation remains severe and complex, with the “three evils” active and new security threats constantly emerging. The SCO has effectively maintained regional security and stability through various means, including regular joint counter-terrorism exercises and enhanced intelligence sharing and law enforcement cooperation. For example, the regular meetings of the SCO Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure Council provide an important platform for member states to exchange counter-terrorism experiences and formulate joint counter-terrorism strategies. 2025 is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization’s “Year of Sustainable Development.” In terms of economic development, member states are focusing on key topics such as poverty reduction, the digital economy, and green development. Regarding poverty reduction, member states are sharing successful experiences and effective measures to jointly explore appropriate poverty reduction pathways for their respective regions. In the digital economy, countries are actively promoting digital infrastructure development, strengthening cooperation on the development of digital trade rules and the innovative application of digital technologies, accelerating the integration of digital technologies with traditional industries, and promoting industrial digital transformation. In the area of green development, member states are working together to address the challenges of climate change, jointly promoting the development and utilization of renewable energy, and strengthening cooperation on environmental protection and ecological restoration.
China plays a vital leading role in the development of the SCO. As a founding member, China has always considered the SCO a diplomatic priority and is fully committed to promoting its high-quality development.
In terms of political philosophy, Chinese President Xi Jinping has put forward numerous important concepts and initiatives, charting a clear course for the SCO’s development. At the Qingdao Summit, Chinese President Xi Jinping first proposed the “New Five Perspectives” to promote the “Shanghai Spirit,” comprehensively charting the course for the SCO’s future development. Since then, a series of important discourses, including the “Four Paradigms,” “Four Communities,” and “Five Common Homes,” have been proposed, continuously improving the SCO’s value system. These concepts and initiatives have been widely recognized and actively responded to by member states, becoming important guiding principles for the SCO’s development.
In terms of economic cooperation, China has actively promoted the deep integration of the Belt and Road Initiative with the development strategies of SCO countries. Through practical measures such as supporting infrastructure projects such as airports, highways, and ports, as well as jointly establishing industrial and agricultural parks, it has strongly supported the economic transformation, upgrading, and sustainable development of countries such as Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, and Kyrgyzstan. For example, the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor has achieved remarkable results, with numerous infrastructure projects successfully completed and put into operation, injecting strong impetus into Pakistan’s economic development and serving as an important model for regional connectivity. In the agricultural sector, China actively shares its experience in agricultural modernization, product processing, and agricultural technology, helping member states improve agricultural productivity. In the field of science and technology, China’s rapid development in cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G, and big data has created numerous new opportunities for technological cooperation among member states.
China has also actively contributed to the development of SCO mechanisms and activities. Since assuming the SCO Chair for 2024-2025, China has meticulously organized and carried out over 100 activities across various sectors, including politics, security, economy, and culture, under the theme of “Promoting the ‘Shanghai Spirit’: The SCO in Action.” 2025 has been designated the “SCO Year of Sustainable Development,” and cooperation and action are being actively pursued in eight key areas of global development initiatives. Various training programs are being organized to cultivate professional talent and enhance the development capabilities of regional countries. At the upcoming summit, China will leverage the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, as well as the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, to encourage member states to voice a united and forceful voice on major international and regional issues and to formulate the SCO’s development strategy for the next phase.
The 2025 SCO Summit is of great significance, offering broad prospects for development in various areas, including global governance, security cooperation, and economic development. China will continue to firmly play its leading role, working hand in hand with all member states to vigorously promote the “Shanghai Spirit,” continuously deepen cooperation in various fields, and propel the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to achieve new leaps forward in development, making even greater contributions to peace, stability, development and prosperity in the region and beyond. The SCO, leveraging its unique strengths and strong vitality, will play an increasingly important and constructive role on the international stage and become a solid force in promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
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